Final thought: Solar cells trend to new standards

The efficiency of mass-produced solar cells reached 23.5% in 2022, from 17% 10 years earlier. That is equivalent to an average growth of 0.65 percentage points each year. This progress is the result of many efforts across the industry, including incremental improvements in processes such as texturing and busbars, monocrystalline cells replacing multicrystalline as the …