From pv magazine India
Over the past decade, India’s renewable energy journey has been one of scale, speed, and structural ambition. From barely crossing 40 GW of non-hydro renewable capacity in the mid-2010s, the country has surged past the 203 GW mark by the November 2025, driven largely by rapid solar and wind deployment.
Utility-scale renewables have transformed India into one of the world’s lowest-cost renewable energy markets. Importantly, 2025 continued this expansionary trend, reinforcing India’s position as a global clean energy leader. As the year draws to a close, it is crucial to examine both the advances made and the challenges that persisted across the sector.
With more than 40 GW of new solar and wind installations, including about 34.9 GW of solar and around 5.8 GW of wind, 2025 marked another high year for renewable capacity additions in India. The additions were supported by project momentum across rooftop, open access, and distribution company (discom) power purchase agreement-backed solar segments.
This momentum is supported by a concurrent scaling up of domestic solar manufacturing. According to JMK Research analysis, Module and cell manufacturing capacity crossed the 175 GW and 30 GW mark respectively, with multiple facilities getting commissioned every month. While true upstream capabilities (polysilicon and wafers) remain limited, Indian solar module demand has almost completely shifted to domestic sources.
In 2025, majority of the grid-scale renewable energy tendering has shifted to projects having storage and hybrid components, with their tariff discovery continuing its downward trajectory.
Key challenges
Despite record tendering activity, a persistent backlog of unsigned power purchase agreements (PPAs) and power sale agreements (PSAs) continued to plague the sector. As of September 2025, approximately 44 GW of awarded capacity remained stranded with unsigned PSAs, underlining the ongoing project realization challenges such as evolving offtaker preferences, grid infrastructure delays, discom reluctance etc. This not only increases developer risk but also slows down financial closure and physical execution, undermining the momentum created by headline tender announcements.
Grid integration challenges became more pronounced in 2025, with high-renewable states such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu reporting curtailment levels ranging from 10% to 30% due to transmission unavailability. Curtailment during high-generation periods and delays in commissioning inter-state transmission systems (ISTS) affected project realizations and plant load factors. While large-scale transmission programs are underway, the mismatch between generation build-out and evacuation readiness remains a structural weakness that directly impacts investor confidence.
Supply chain risks have resurfaced in 2025, as China tightened export controls around critical minerals and rare earth elements essential for wind turbines, power electronics, and storage technologies. At the same time, India’s upstream solar manufacturing capabilities, particularly in polysilicon and wafer production is still largely inadequate. Consequently, the entire solar sector remains partially exposed to external shocks and price volatility, even as downstream manufacturing scales up.
Policy revisions in July 2025 by the state regulators to banking and tariff order provisions in Maharashtra (one of India’s leading renewable energy states) created confusion for commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers and open access developers. Although the order has since been stayed by the High Court, such policy flip-flops erode trust, disrupt financial models, and highlight the continuing divergence between central renewable ambitions and state-level execution realities.
India’s renewable energy story in 2025 remains fundamentally positive. Capacity is scaling, costs are falling, and the ecosystem is deepening across manufacturing, storage, and new green vectors such as hydrogen and ammonia. At the same time, the year underscored that sustaining the next phase of growth will hinge on grid preparedness, policy certainty, robust power contracting mechanisms, and faster execution.
Looking ahead to 2026, India’s renewable energy growth trajectory is expected to broadly remain intact. A significant volume of solar capacity is likely to be commissioned before the June 2026 deadline for the implementation of the Approved List of Cells and Manufacturers (ALCM), boosting installations in the first half of the year. However, post this deadline, capacity additions could moderate unless the government provides clarity or an extension to the ALCM timeline. Overall, renewable energy installations in 2026 are expected to be similar to 2025. With clear and precise long term policy reforms and coordinated action across all energy stakeholders, India can meet and potentially exceed its renewable energy target of 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030.
The views and opinions expressed in this article are the author’s own, and do not necessarily reflect those held by pv magazine.
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