Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) projects would add additional value of $0.05 or $0.06 per kilowatt hour to utility-scale solar energy in California, where 33% renewables will be mandated in six years, a new report by the U.S. Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory has found.
The report, Estimating the Value of Utility-Scale Solar Technologies in California Under a 40% Renewable Portfolio Standard, finds that CSP, with its ability to store energy for several hours or more, helps maintain firm capacity in the hours when the sun is below the horizon.
"Compared to variable generation technologies this translates to an increase in value of $0.05 cents per kilowatt hour under a 33% renewable standard the mandate for 2020 or $0.06 per kilowatt hour under a 40% renewable standard," NREL notes. "The added value means that at peak demands, CSP can help lower electricity bills."
NREL CSP Group Manager Mark Mehos, who co-authored the report with Jennie Jorgenson and Paul Denholm, said, "CSP adds significant additional value when compared to less flexible generation sources. As the penetration of renewables rises, so does the relative value of CSP. CSP could also allow greater penetration of PV by making the grid more flexible and reducing curtailment of PV by generating energy after the sun sets. We intend to investigate this in more detail for the remainder of this year."
The report explains that while photovoltaic modules capture the sun's light and turns it into useable electricity, CSP technologies concentrate the sun's energy and capture that energy as heat, which then drives an engine or turbine to produce electrical power. However, the thermal energy CSP generates can be held back for several hours via storage systems such as molten salts and then used after the sun sets when demand is still high for, say, air conditioning, television, and lighting.
The new report, funded through the Energy Department's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in support of its SunShot Initiative, compares the total operating costs of a system with and without an incremental amount of CSP with thermal energy storage or solar PV and also analyzes capacity value.
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