Australian solar cell developer Halocell Energy and U.S. startup Sofab Inks have found perovskite devices incorporating Sofab’s novel metal oxide nanoparticle inks demonstrate high levels of durability.
Halocell and Sofab Inks announced a strategic partnership in mid 2025 to accelerate innovation in perovskite PV technology, coinciding with the launch of Halocell’s Ambient Module series. The partnership sees Sofab Inks supply Halocell with its nanoparticle inks, with Halocell also continuing to formulate and manufacture its own, proprietary perovskite inks.
Jack Manzella, COO & co-founder of Sofab Inks, told pv magazine that since the partnership began, the University of Louisville spinoff has worked alongside the Halocell technical team to qualify and validate its material in Halocell's devices.
Modules incorporating Sofab Inks’ Tinfab electron transport layer have demonstrated approximately 100% normalized efficiency after 1,300 hours under accelerated combined light and damp-heat testing of 1,000 lux illumination, 85% relative humidity and 65 C. Control devices using commercially-available charge transport layers dropped by around 20% normalized efficiency under the same testing conditions.
“Stability remains a critical barrier to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells, so this represents a meaningful step forward,” Manzella told pv magazine. “Halocell is one of the few perovskite companies actively selling modules today and the added stability benefits of our materials strengthen their commercial offering.”
Manzella explained that Sofab's nanoparticle inks are designed to replace fullerene-based materials such as C60 as the electron transport layer, particularly in PIN architectures and tandem applications. “They perform the same function but offer improved thermal and environmental stability, are compatible with scalable manufacturing techniques like slot die coating, and are based on lower-cost, abundant materials, making them better suited for commercial-scale manufacturing,” he said.
Halocell has now begun to ship modules using Sofab’s Tinfab electron transport layer to partners for evaluation, with current focus on uses in IoT devices, wireless sensors and small indoor electronics.
“Halocell plans to expand its offerings into terrestrial and drone applications and we are excited to grow alongside them,” Manzella added. “Looking ahead, we are focused on joint development efforts aimed at scaling to larger area modules and production volumes.”
In January, Halocell signed a memorandum of understanding with Queensland advanced materials company Lava Blue to collaborate on scalable, Australian-made specialty chemicals used in printing perovskite solar modules.
Last October, Sofab Inks announced its tin oxide electron transport layer material was used in a 22.2%-efficient mini perovskite solar module measuring 30 x 30 cm.
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